Steelhead PIT tagging

On February 5th Mel and I assisted the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe and Gary Wynans from NOAA with PIT tagging and tissue sampling of juvenile steelhead. This is part of the re-colonization project that Gary is spearheading. Gary is a fish geneticist for NOAA and just an all around great guy. The purpose of this project is to tag and gather genetic samples via tail fin clips, then use this genetic information to catalog families of native Elwha Steelhead. The tribe uses this genetic information when they get ready to spawn these fish to maximize genetic diversity by not breed siblings to each other. The fish we handled today are the future of the native steelhead runs in the Elwha River when the dams come down their prodgengy will the future steelhead runs of the Elwha. I believe this is the fifth year of this project. I guess you are wondering how we got these little guys. When I say little guys they were naturally spawned in the Elwha this spring and I helped other members of the tribe gather 981 fry this summer by electrofishing the side channels of the Elwha. The preferred method of gathering these fish is by pumping redds (fish egg nests) but we were unable to do that this spring because of the high flows.

My favorite part of this project is being able to insert the PIT tag. We do this with a large gauge needle. We put the tag which is similar to a big grain of rice inside of the hollow needle and then inject it on the underside of the fish. All the fish we tagged were in the 100mm range. When we got done tagging and clipping we put these guys out in the raceways at the hatchery where they will be reared until they are ready to spawn.

IMW hard work

IMW stands for Intense Management of Watersheds. NOAA is collecting data on several watersheds in the area, basically comparing a restored watershed to unaltered. W. Twin, E.Twin and Deep creek are the ones I have been involved with. In the summer NOAA along with help from LEKT electroshock the watersheds and PIT tag coho and trout, they have been doing this for 4 years now and have almost 10,o00 fish tagged.

Today I went along with Ray (LEKT) and Todd (NOAA) to E. Twin River and helped to recover and reset up the antennae that are placed in the water to read the PIT tags. A storm earlier this winter rerouted the river and deposited over 4 feet of gravel, rocks and sand on top of the antennae. Most of the day was spent digging this water soaked substrate. My arm and wrists will never be the same. The sediment is very heavy and the digging was slow going. We managed to get one out and the second one almost out. Two others had been recovered the day before and those were reset back in the river. It is important to me that these antennae get up and going because they also are going to read my PIT tags in the 33 lamprey that Larry and I released in E. Twin this summer. The information I hope will tell us when the lamprey are moving in and out of the river system. I am tired but it is a good tired!

Elwha Nearshore

For the past couple of weeks Daniel and I have been working on our poster that we are going to present at the Puget Sound conference. The poster is based on a paper that Anne Shaffer from WDFW is writing and will be published in Hydrobiologia. We have been going over data and I am finding out how important it is to be meticulous in one's recording in the field as well as entering into a spreadsheet. One mistake can change the outcome of your results which could mean coming to the wrong conclusion. Our prof has been a big help with running the stats and I couldn't do it without him "holding my hand"!

I also have assisted Matt with the Lower Elwha tribe on analyzing data from my first REU project. That project involved collecting benthic, terrestial insects in the estuaries of the Elwha River. We also are looking at stomach contents of juvenile salmonids that we caught in the estuaries. We were wondering what macroinvertebrates are in the estuaries and what do the fish choose to eat? So far the data is pointing to the diet preference of the juvenile salmonids is insects from the dipteria order which are 2 winged insects.

Qiet time

Since my last blog it has been a quiet time for as far as REU goes. On a day I couldn't go Olympic National Park employees, Lower Elwha Klallam employees and other volunteers rescued over 5,000 fresh water mussels from the diversion channel that was dewatered. This is more than double the amount of mussels the from the first go around. I am hoping over winter break to get my lamprey data into a spreadsheet so I can do some preliminary analysis to come up with a more viable way to capture adult lamprey. I also am going to contact the NOAA people who monitor the PIT tag readers to see if any of the juvenile lamprey I put a PIT tag into have moved out of the East Twin River.

Another project that is going on down at the Lower Elwha is an elk survey and I have been invited to go along whenever my schedule allows. I initially got involved in REU to work with mammals so I can't wait for winter break because this is the chance I have been waiting for.

Mussel/Fish rescue on the Elwha

Rescue operations for fresh water mussels and fish is still a main priority at the Natural Resource Dept. at the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe. This past week along with volunteers, hatchery employees and other REU students I helped to rescued chinook, coho, trout, sculpins and mussels from a section of a diversion channel being dewatered as part of the construction of the new water treatment plant for the City of Port Angeles in preparation for the removal of the dams on the Elwha River.

Mussel rescue

Last week I got to assist Larry Ward of the Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe with the second leg of rescuing mussels from the Elwha River. The mussels were rescued by Larry and several others from Olympic National Park due to the current construction going on in the Elwha for of the new water treatment plant for the City of Port Angeles. After the mussels were removed from the river they were brought back to the Tribal Hatchery where they were kept in raceways. Last week with help from my fellow REU'er Mel and USGS we dug out the some 6,000 plus mussels from pea gravel in the raceway, counted them, measured some of them and tagged 45 of the mussels with PIT tags. We then brought them to several different sidechannels of the Elwha (below the construction) and released them. It will be interesting to see where and how fast these tagged mussels will move. The PIT tags were super glued to the outside of the shell so hopfully they don't get rubbed off. It was amazing to see how 'happy' the mussels were minutes from being put back into the river. They were sticking out their foot and imbedding into the sediment.

Lamprey's on the Peninsula

I was lucky enough to spend the day with two scientists from California that are working on putting together a Key to Lamprey on the Olympic Peninsula. I took them to Deep Creek, East Twin, West Twin Rivers where Larry and I have had so much luck in finding macrophalmia, the transformed stage of lamprey that are about 5 years old and the size of a pencil. These macrophalmia are leaving the fresh water systems and going out to the ocean where they will be a parasite on a fish for about 2 years (no on is really sure about the time they spend out to sea). Of course we didn't have the success today finding them that we have had in the past couple of weeks. We were able to capture only a small fraction of what we have caught in the previous 2 weeks. We were going off of two main reasons for this: 1) they have moved out to sea and we were too late 2) the stream flows were up because of recent rains, or maybe it is a combination of the two. Because there isn't much known about the movement of these little guys we can't be sure about why we were so unsuccessful. The more time I spend learning about these lamprey the more questions I have.

The other awesome thing that happened today was that we got to experience a thunder and lightning storm out at Deep Creek! Thunder storms are one of the things I miss about the East Coast and this was the first storm I have witnessed this year. It was totally exciting :)